Unification Metatheory Literature

This table is likely the most comprehensive account of unification metatheories and supporting literature that currently exists in the world. An early version of this table was originally published in Foundations of Archdisciplinarity.

Many references have been here gathered from existing work aimed to account for unification metatheoretical work and supporting research. Our sources are 1) the integrative levels list of Dr. Michael Kleineberg, and 2) the physics focused ToE tables found on Kurt Jaimungal’s TOE Discord under #mapping-toe-landscape (updated January 2023). All other references were added by other ARC members, and suggestions made by the community.

This table is an ongoing project, and will continue to expand. If you have a reference you’d think belongs in the table, contact us with the author, framework, and literature in a similar format as below.

Updated May 29, 2023: Cottam, Vouchkx & Ranson (2013; 2016; 2020); Kelly (1992; 2010; 2020); Morin (1981)

Example
Authors Frameworks Literature
Agnew, Stephen Universal quantum action with discrete eather Agnew, S. (2021). No space, no time: How the universe actually works. (Independently published)
Alderman, Bruce Integral grammatology Alderman, B. (2016). Integral in-dwelling: A prepositional theology of religions. Consciousness: Ideas and Research for the Twenty-First Century, 4(4), 2.

Alderman, B. (2019). Sophia speaks: An integral grammar of philosophy. (Unpublished manuscript)

Alderman, B., Pascal, L. (n.d.) Also/Perhaps. (Manuscript in preparation)
Alexander, Samuel Universal categories of reality Alexander, Samuel. (1950/1920). Space, Time and Deity. London: Macmillan.
Anderson, Lene Metamodernity, Nordic Bildung Anderson, L. R. (2019) Metamodernity: Meaning and Hope in a Complex World. Nordic Bildung.
Amarasmia Amarakosha (The immortal collection) Nair, S. S., & Kulkarni, A. (2010, December). The knowledge structure in Amarakośa. In International Sanskrit Computational Linguistics Symposium (pp. 173-189). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Apel, Karl Transcendental semiotics Apel, K. O. (1978). Transcendental semiotics and the paradigms of first philosophy.
Aristotle Metaphysics Aristotle. (1991). The Metaphysics (McMahon, J. M., trans.). New York: Prometheus Books.
Ashtekar, Abhay Big bang singularity in loop quantum cosmology Ashtekar, A., Pawlowski, T., & Singh, P. (2006). Quantum nature of the big bang. Physical review letters, 96(14), 141301.
Austin, Derek Classes/levels of entities Austin, D. (1969). Prospects for a new general classification. Journal of librarianship, 1(3), 149-169.
Azarian, Bobby Integrated evolutionary synthesis Azarian, B. (2022). The Romance of Reality: How the universe organizes itself to create life, consciousness, and cosmic complexity. BenBella Books, Inc.
Baez, John &
Huerta, John		 Algebra of grand unified theories Baez, J., & Huerta, J. (2010). The algebra of grand unified theories. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 47(3), 483-552.
Bäck, Thomas Natural evolutionary processes for evolutionary computation Bäck, T., Fogel, D. B., & Michalewicz, Z. (1997). Handbook of evolutionary computation. Release, 97(1), B1.
Bachelard, Gaston Categories of philosophical explanation Bachelard, G. (1968/1940). The philosophy of No: A philosophy of the new scientific mind. New York: Orion Press.
Baker, Maria Simulation theory Baker, M. (2022). Simulation theory: A reference book for simulation theory (A psychological and philosophical consideration). Simon Dough.
Baldwin, James Universal categories of cognition Baldwin, J. M. (1906). Thoughts and things: A study of the development and meaning of thought, or genetic logic. Vol. 1: Functional Logic, or Genetic Theory of Knowledge. New York: Macmillan.
Barbour, Julian Janus point Barbour, J. (2020). The Janus point: A new theory of time. Random House.
Barker, Cory David Spectrum of Human Imagination Barker, C. D. (2013) A fractal phase calculus for recursive architectonic computability. Master thesis, Antioch University Midwest.
Bates, Marcia Categories/levels of information Bates, M. J. (2005). Information and knowledge: An evolutionary framework for information science. Information Research: An International Electronic journal, 10(4), n4.
Baudrillard, Jean Simulacra and simulation Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan press.
Beck, Don Edward Spiral Dynamics Beck, D. E., & Cowan, C. C. (2014). Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley & Sons.
Bertalanffy, Ludwig Von Unification of science Bertalanffy, L. V. & Woodger, J. H. (1938). Modern theories of development.
Bertalanffy, L. V. (1950). An outline of general system theory. British Journal for the Philosophy of science.
Bertalanffy, L. V. (1951). General systems theory: A new approach to unity of science. Human Biology, 23(4):302-12
Bhaskar, Roy Critical realism Bhaskar, R. (2008). Dialectic: The pulse of freedom. Routledge.
Bhaskar, R. (2013). Reflections on MetaReality: Transcendence, emancipation and everyday life. Routledge.
Blitz, David Emergent evolution of material, biological, mental, and social entities Blitz, D. (1992). Qualitative Novelty and the Levels of Reality. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer.
Blitz, D. (2013). Emergent evolution: qualitative novelty and the levels of reality (Vol. 19). Springer Science & Business Media.
Boeke, Kees Cosmic view Boeke, K. (1973). Cosmic view: The universe in 40 jumps. The John Day Company.
Bond, Richard Cosmic web (largest observable structures) Bond, J. R., Kofman, L., & Pogosyan, D. (1996). How filaments of galaxies are woven into the cosmic web. Nature, 380(6575), 603.
Boole, George Laws of thought Boole, G. (2005). The laws of thought, on which are founded the mathematical theories of logic and probabilities. (Starner, D., Hutchinson, J., Bowden, D., Trans.).
Bostrom, Nick Simulated reality Bostrom, N. (2003). The simulation argument: Why the probability that you are living in a matrix is quite high. Times Higher Education Supplement.
Brier, Sören Unified science of information, matter and qualia Brier, S. (2008). Cybersemiotics: Why information is not enough!. University of Toronto Press.
Brown, Donald Human universals Brown, D. E. (2000). Human universals and their implications. Being humans: Anthropological universality and particularity in transdisciplinary perspectives, 156-174.
Brown, D. E. (2004). Human universals, human nature & human culture. Daedalus, 133(4), 47-54
Bunge, Mario Categories/levels towards unity of knowledge Bunge, M. (2003). Emergence and convergence: Qualitative novelty and the unity of knowledge. University of Toronto Press.
Calcagni, Gianluca Fractal universe Calcagni, G. (2010). Fractal universe and quantum gravity. Physical review letters, 104(25), 251301.
Callaghan, Victor Singularity Callaghan, V., Miller, J., Yampolskiy, R., & Armstrong, S. (2017). Technological singularity. New York: Springer.
Campbell, Donald Categories/levels of evolutionary epistemology Campbell, D. T. (2013). Levels of organization, downward causation, and the selection-theory approach to evolutionary epistemology. In Theories of the evolution of knowing (pp. 7-24). Psychology Press.
Campbell, Thomas Unifying across philosophy, physics, and metaphysics Campbell, T. (2003). My big toe. Awakening: A Trilogy unifying philosophy, physics, and metaphysics. Lightning Strike Books.
Cantor, Georg Transfinite numbers Cantor, G. (1874). On a qualitative property of all real algebraic numbers, Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 77 (77): 258-262.
Cantor, G. (1915). Contributions to the founding of the theory of transfinite numbers (Vol. 45). Dover Publications.
Capra, Fritjof Systems theory Capra, F. (1996). The web of life: A new synthesis of mind and matter. London: Flamingo.
Carnap, Rudolf Meta-logic Carnap, R. (1938). The logical syntax of language. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
Carr, Bernard &
Ellis, George		 Multiverse Carr, B., & Ellis, G. (2008). Universe or multiverse?. Astronomy & Geophysics, 49(2), 2-29.
Chandler, Jerry Organic mathematics Chandler, J.L.R. (2015). Organic Mathematics: The architectures of the logical information of natural kinds. (Unpublished manuscript).
Chandler, J. L. (2017). An Introduction to the Foundations of Chemical Information Theory. Tarski–Lesniewski Logical Structures and the Organization of Natural Sorts and Kinds. Information, 8(1), 15.
Chaisson, Eric Cosmic evolution (big history) Chaisson, E. J. (2002). Cosmic evolution: The rise of complexity in nature. Harvard University Press.
Chomsky, Noa Universal grammar Chomsky, N. (2007). Approaching UG from below. Interfaces + recursion = language, 89, 1-30.
Chomsky, N. (2017, August). The Galilean challenge: Architecture and evolution of language. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 880, No. 1). IOP Publishing.
Christian, David Big history Christian, D. (2011). Maps of time: An introduction to big history (Vol. 2). Univ of California Press.
Church, Alonzo Lambda calculus Church, A. (1940). A formulation of the simple theory of types. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 5(2), 56-68.
Church, A. (1936). An unsolvable problem of elementary number theory. American journal of mathematics, vol. 58, pp. 345–363.
Coats, Edward Organized wholes Coates, Edwards J. (1969). CRG Proposal for a New General Classification. In classification and information control: Papers representing the work of the Classification Research Group during 1960-1968, edited by Classification Research Group. London: The Library Association, 19–22.
Coleman, Paul &
Pietronero, Luciano		 Fractal universe Coleman, P. H., & Pietronero, L. (1992). The fractal structure of the universe. Physics Reports, 213(6), 311-389.
Commons, Michael Lamport The model of hierarchical complexity Commons, M. L., Richards, F. A., & Kuhn, D. (1982). Systematic and metasystematic reasoning: A case for levels of reasoning beyond Piaget's stage of formal operations. Child Development, 1058-1069.
Commons, M.L., Gane-McCalla, R., Barker, C.D., Li, E.Y. (2014). The model of hierarchical complexity as a measurement system. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19(3), 9-14.
Commons, M. L., & Chen, S. J. (2014). Advances in the model of hierarchical complexity (MHC). Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19(4), 37.
Comte, Auguste Categories of phenomena & the human mind Comte, A. (1974). The essential Comte: Selected from Course de Philosophie Positive (Andreski, S., ed.). London: Croom Helm.
Conger, George Universal classes/levels of the material, biological, and neuropsychological Conger, George P. (1925). The doctrine of levels. The Journal of Philosophy 22 (12): 309–21.
Cook-Greuter, Susanne Ego stage development Cook-Greuter, S. R. (1999). Postautonomous ego development: A study of its nature and measurement. Harvard University.
Cook-Greuter, S. R. (2013/2005). Nine levels of increasing embrace. (Unpublished manuscript)
Cottam, Ron
Vounckx, Roger
Ranson, Willy		 Hyperscale and Metascale
Bioinformatics		 Cottam, R., Ranson, W., & Vounckx, R. (2013). A biosemiotic view on consciousness derived from system hierarchy (pp. 77-112). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.
Cottam, R., Ranson, W., & Vounckx, R. (2016). Hierarchy and the nature of information. Information, 7(1), 1.
Cottam, R., & Vounckx, R. (2020). Representing life: A natural philosophical project. Biosystems, 191, 104127.
Dahlberg, Ingetraut Information coding classification Dahlberg, I. (2008). The Information Coding Classification (ICC): A modern, theory-based fully-faceted, universal system of knowledge fields. Axiomathes, 18(2), 161-176.
Damon, William &
Hart, Daniel		 Categories/levels of self-understanding William, D., & Hart, D. (1988). Self-Understanding in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge University Press.
Davies, Paul &
Gregersen, Niels		 Information universe Davies, P., & Gregersen, N. H. (Eds.). (2014). Information and the nature of reality: From physics to metaphysics. Cambridge University Press.
Darwin, Charles Evolution Darwin, C. (1909). The origin of species. New York: PF Collier & son.
Dawson, Theo Lectica; universal classes of behaviors/skills of people Dawson, T. (2004). Assessing intellectual development: Three approaches, one sequence. Journal of Adult Development, 11(2), 71-85.
Deacon, Terrance Categories of representations Deacon, T. W. (1998). The symbolic species: The co-evolution of language and the brain (No. 202). WW Norton & Company.
Descartes, Rene Innatism Descartes, R. (2013). Meditations on first philosophy. Broadview Press.
Desmond, W. Metaxology Desmond, W. (2013). Desire, dialectic, and otherness: an essay on origins. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Deutsch, David Parallel universes Deutsch, D. (1997). The Fabric of Reality. London: Allen Lane.
Deutsch, D. (2011). The beginning of infinity: Explanations that transform the world. Penguin UK.
Donald, Merlin Cognition across human evolution Donald, M. (2001). A mind so rare: The evolution of human consciousness. WW Norton & Company.
Durkheim, Emile Collective consciousness Durkheim, E. (2019). The division of labor in society. In Social stratification (pp. 178-183). Routledge.
Dux, Günter Stages of individual and social development Dux, G. (2014). Historico-genetic theory of culture. In Historico-genetic Theory of Culture. Transcript-Verlag.
Edan, Amnon Singularity Eden, A. H., Steinhart, E., Pearce, D., & Moor, J. H. (2012). Singularity hypotheses: an overview. Singularity hypotheses, 1-12.
Edwards, M. Sustainability Edwards, M. (2010). Organizational transformation for sustainability: An integral metatheory. Routledge.
Emmeche, Claus Ontology of levels Emmeche, C., Køppe, S., & Stjernfelt, F. (1997). Explaining emergence: towards an ontology of levels. Journal for general philosophy of science, 28(1), 83-117.
Esan, Olaosun Pansemiotics Esan, O. I. (2018). Pansemiotism: A cognitive semiotic reflection on plant, animal and human lives correlates. Language and Semiotic Studies, 3(3).
Feibleman, James Categories/levels of organization and properties of behavior Feibleman, J. K. (1954). Theory of integrative levels. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science (17), 59-66.
Feinberg, Todd Categories/levels of neural self system Feinberg, T. E. (2011). The nested neural hierarchy and the self. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(1), 4-15.
Fenzl, Norbert Behaviors of information systems at different levels Fenzl, N., Fleissner, P., Hofkirchner, W., Jahn, R., & Stockinger, G. (1996). On the genesis of information structures. Kornwachs/Jacoby..
Ferrier, James Coined Epistemology Ferrier, J. F. (1854). Institutes of Metaphysic: The Theory of Knowing the Mind. W. Blackwood and sons.
Fischer, Kurt Dynamic skill theory, categories/levels of skill Fischer, K. W. (1980). A theory of cognitive development: The control and construction of hierarchies of skills. Psychological review, 87(6), 477.
Fischer, K., & Yan, Z. (2018). The development of dynamic skill theory. In Conceptions of Development (pp. 279-312). Psychology Press.
Fludd, Robert Anima mundi, integra natura Flood, R. (1617). Utriusque Cosmi Vol. 1. (The metaphysical, physical, and technical history of the two cosmos)
Forero-Romero, Jaime Categorization of cosmic web components Forero–Romero, J. E., Hoffman, Y., Gottlöber, S., Klypin, A., & Yepes, G. (2009). A dynamical classification of the cosmic web. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 396(3), 1815-1824.
Fowler, James &
Leven, Robin		 Categories/levels of faith Fowler, J. W., & Levin, R. W. (1984). Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 15(1).
Fraenkel, Abraham Zermelo-Fraenkel Set theory Fraenkel, A. A., Bar-Hillel, Y., & Levy, A. (1973). Foundations of set theory (Vol. 67). Elsevier.
Frege, Gottlob Arithmetic of pure thought Frege, G. (1879). Begriffsschrift, a formula language, modeled upon that of arithmetic, for pure thought. From Frege to Gödel: A source book in mathematical logic, 1931, 1-82.
Friston, Karl Markovian monism Friston, K. J., Wiese, W., & Hobson, J. A. (2020). Sentience and the origins of consciousness: From Cartesian duality to Markovian monism. Entropy, 22(5), 516.
Gebser, Jean Structures/levels of consciousness Gebser, J. (2020). The ever-present origin. Ohio University Press.
Ghose, Aurobindo Divine metaphysics Writings. Sri Aurobindo - His Writings. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.sriaurobindoashram.org/sriaurobindo/writings.php
Gnoli, Claudio Classifying phenomena Gnoli, C. (2016). Classifying Phenomena Part 1: Dimensions. Knowledge organization, 43(6).
Gnoli, C. (2017). Classifying Phenomena Part 2: Types and Levels. Knowledge organization, 44(1).
Gnoli, C. (2017). Classifying phenomena. Part 3: Facets. Dimensions of knowledge: facets for knowledge organization, 55-67.
Gnoli, C. (2018). Classifying phenomena, part 4: Themes and rhemes. Knowledge organization, 45(1), 43-53.
Gödel, Kurt Completeness and incompleteness theorems Gödel, K. (1929). The completeness of the axioms of the functional calculus of logic. In Heijenoort, From Frege to Gödel (pp. 582-591). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gödel, K. (1931). Some metamathematical results on completeness and consistency, On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems I, and On completeness and consistency. In Heijenoort, From Frege to Gödel, (pp.592-617). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Goldsmith, Mike Metrology across scales Goldsmith, M. (2010). A beginner’s guide to measurement. Measurement Good Practice Guide.
Goldstein, Tyler Sentient singularity theory Goldstein, T. (2022). Sentient singularity theory. Sentient Singularity. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.sentientsingularity.com/
Görtz, Daniel Metamodernism Freinacht, H. (2017) The Listening Society. Metamoderna.
Freinacht, H. (2019) Nordic Ideology. Metamoderna.
Grammaticus, Ammonius Thesaurus Grammaticus, A. (4th Century). On differences of synonymous expressions.
Graves, Clare Levels of human and social development Graves, C. W. (1970). Levels of existence: An open system theory of values. Journal of humanistic psychology, 10(2), 131-155.
Habermas, Jürgen Theory of communicative action, ego identity, worldviews, and social integrations Habermas, J. (1985). The theory of communicative action: Reason and the rationalization of society (Vol. 1). Beacon press.
Habermas, J. (1985). The theory of communicative action: Lifeword and system: A critique of functionalist reason (Vol. 2). Beacon press.
Hartmann, Nicolai Categories/levels of nature and consciousness Hartmann, N. (2019). Ontology: Laying the Foundations. De Gruyter.
Hartmann, N. (2013). Possibility and actuality. De Gruyter.
Hartmann, N. (1940). The structure of the real world: A general theory of categories. De Gruyter.
Hawking, Stephen Physics theory of everything Hawking, S. (2001). The universe in a nutshell. Bantam.
Hawking, S. (2006). The theory of everything. Jaico Publishing House.
Hegel, Georg Absolute idealism Hegel, G. (1830). Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline.
Henriques, Gregg Unified theory of psychology. Unified theory of knowledge; e.g. Tree of knowledge system, periodic table of behavior Henriques, G. (2003). The tree of knowledge system and the theoretical unification of psychology. Review of general psychology, 7(2), 150-182.
Henriques, G. (2011). A new unified theory of psychology. New York: Springer.
Henriques, G. (2022). A new synthesis for solving the problem of psychology: Addressing the enlightenment gap. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hobhouse, Leonard Levels of the human mind Hobhouse, Leonard T. (1901). Mind in Evolution. London: Macmillan
Hofstadter, Douglas Recursivity in self-reference Hofstadter, D. R. (2007). I am a strange loop. Basic books.
Hoffman, Donald Conscious realism, multimodal user interface Hoffman, D. (2008). Conscious realism and the mind-body problem. Mind and Matter, 6(1), 87-121.
Hoffman, D. D. (2010). Sensory experiences as cryptic symbols of a multimodal user interface. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 52(3), 95-104.
Hoffmayer, Jesper Semiome, semiotic scaffolding Hoffmeyer, J. (2014). The semiome: From genetic to semiotic scaffolding. Semiotica, 2014(198), 11-31.
Jaekel, Lukas Hermetic theory of everything Lukas, J. (2022). Philobster.com. PhiLobster.com | Alchemist Theory of Everything. Retrieved January 13, 2023, from http://philobster.com/
Jantsch, Erich Self-organizing micro and macro systems, self-organizing mind Jantsch, E. (1980). The self-organizing universe: Scientific and human implications of the emerging paradigm of evolution. Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press.
Jolley, John Categories/levels of ideas Jolley, J. L. (1973). The fabric of knowledge: a study of the relations between ideas. London: Duckworth.
Judaeus, Philo Universal forms of Logos Runia, D. T. (1995). The works of Philo complete and unabridged: New Updated Version.
Jung, Carl Archetypes and the collective unconscious Jung, C. G. (2014/1959). The archetypes and the collective unconscious. Routledge.
Kauffman, Steward Self-organizing evolution Kauffman, S. A. (1993). The origins of order: Self-organization and selection in evolution. Oxford University Press, USA.
Kauffman, S., & Kauffman, S. A. (1995). At home in the universe: The search for laws of self-organization and complexity. Oxford University Press, USA.
Kaku, Michio Physics theory of everything Kaku, M. (2022). The God equation: The quest for a theory of everything. Anchor.
Kant, Immanual Architectonic Kant, I. (2004/1781). Critique of pure reason. (Meiklejohn, J., Trans.). London: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc.
Kegan, Robert Categories/levels of constructive development Kegan, R. (1982). The evolving self. Harvard University Press.
Kegan, R. (1998). In over our heads: The mental demands of modern life. Harvard University Press.
Kelly, Sean Complex Holism, Complex-Integral Kelly, S. (1992). Individuation and the Absolute: Hegel, Jung, and the Path Toward Wholeness. Paulist Press.
Kelly, S. (2010). Coming Home: The Birth and Transformation of the Planetary Era. Lindisfarne Books.
Kelly, S. (2020). Becoming Gaia: On the Threshold of Planetary Initiation. Revelore Press/Integral Imprints.
Kleineberg, Michael Integrative levels and epistemic organization Kleineberg, M. (2013). The blind men and the elephant: Towards an organization of epistemic contexts. Knowledge Organization 40(5), 340-364.
Kleineberg, M. (2017). Integrative levels. Knowledge Organization 44(5), 349-379.
Kleineberg, M. (2021). Integrative levels of knowing: A cognitive-developmental approach to knowledge organization. Doctoral dissertation. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. https://doi.org/10.18452/23212
Knezevik, Neven Eidomorphism Knezevik, N. (2019). Eidomorphism. Independent publication.
Koestler, Arthur Holons Koestler, A. (1967). The ghost in the machine. Hutchinson & Macmillan.
Kohlberg, Lawrence &
Hersh, Richard		 Moral development stages Kohlberg, L., & Hersh, R. H. (1977). Moral development: A review of the theory. Theory into practice, 16(2), 53-59.
Korotayev, Andrey Singularity Korotayev, A. (2018). The 21st Century Singularity and its Big History Implications: A re-analysis. Journal of Big History. II (3), 73-119.
Kramer, Deidre Categories/levels of social cognition Kramer, D. A. (1989). Development of an awareness of contradiction across the life span and the question of postformal operations. Adult development, 1, 133-159.
Krantz, David Foundations of measurement Krantz, D., Luce, D., Suppes, P., & Tversky, A. (1971). Foundations of measurement, Vol. I: Additive and polynomial representations. New York: Dover Publications.
Kuhn, Thomas Evolution of knowledge Kuhn, (1996/1962. The structure of scientific revolutions (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Kurzweil, Ray Singularity, recursive self-reference Kurzweil, R. (2005). The singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. Penguin.
Kurzweil, R. (2013). How to create a mind: The secret of human thought revealed. Penguin
Kyle, Barbara Categories/levels of phenomena Kyle, B. R. (1969). Lessons learned from experience in drafting the Kyle Classification. Classification and Information Control: Papers Representing the Work of the Classification Research Group during 1960-1968, 11-16.
Landry, Forest Transcendent, immanent, omniscient Landry, F. (2009/2002). An Immanent Metaphysics. (unpublished manuscript).
Langan, Chris Cognitive-theoretic model of the universe Langan, C. M. (2002). The Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe: A New Kind of Reality Theory. Mega Foundation Press.
Langan, C. M. (2020). Chris Langan's Major Papers 1989–2020. Mega Foundation Press.
Leibniz, Gottfried Characteristica universalis, calculus ratiocinator Leibniz, G.W. (1969/1864). New method for maximums and minimums. In Struik, A source book in mathematics (pp.271-281). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Leibniz, G. W. (1989/1666). Dissertation on the Art of Combinations. In Philosophical Papers and Letters (pp. 73-84). Springer, Dordrecht.
Williamson, M. L. (2012). The philosophical works of Leibnitz. Forgotten Books.
Leslie, Brian Lambda-CDM Leslie, B. C. (2020). Cosmology now: Lambda-CDM standard model. What we know and how we know it. (unpublished manuscript).
Lesniewski, Stanislaw Set theory Lesniewski, S. (1992). Foundations of the general theory of sets. Stanislaw Lesniewski, Collected Works (Surma, SJ, Srzednicki, JT, Barnett, DI and Rickey, VF, Eds.), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 128-173.
Levy-Bruhl, Lucien Collective representations, participation mystique Levy-Brul, L. (2015/1926). How natives think (Clare, L. A., Trans.). Martino Fine Books.
Lisi, Antony Garrett Unified field theory of physics Lisi, A. G. (2007). An exceptionally simple theory of everything. arXiv preprint arXiv:0711.0770.
Lloyd, Seth Computational universe Lloyd, S. (2007). Programming the universe: a quantum computer scientist takes on the cosmos. Vintage.
Lobo, Ingrid Categories/levels of biological systems Lobo, I. (2008). Biological complexity and integrative levels of organization. Nature Education, 1(1), 141.
Löffler, Davor Generative realities Löffler, D. (2019). Generative Realities (Doctoral dissertation, Velbrück).
Lovejoy, Arthur The great chain of being Lovejoy, A. O., & Stanlis, P. J. (2017). The great chain of being: A study of the history of an idea. Routledge.
Lull, Raymond Divine principles Lull, R. (1308). Ars Generalis Ultima.
Mac Lane, Saunders Category theory Mac Lane, S. (2013). Categories for the working mathematician (Vol. 5). Springer Science & Business Media.
Mandelbrot, Benoit Fractals Mandelbrot, B. B. (1982). The fractal geometry of nature (Vol. 1). New York: WH freeman.
Maturana, Humberto &
Varela, Francisco		 Autopoiesis Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1987). The tree of knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding. New Science Library/Shambhala Publications.
Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1991). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living (Vol. 42). Springer Science & Business Media.
Meijer, Dirk Information universe Meijer, D. K. F. (2015). The Information Universe. On the Missing Link in Concepts on the Architecture of Reality. Syntropy Journal, 2012; 1: 1-64.
Mechtly, E. Measurement across scales Mechtly, E. A. (1973). The International System of Units: Physical constants and conversion factors. Second Revision.
Miller, James Categories/levels of living systems Miller, J. G. (1978). Living systems. McGraw-Hill.
Mithen, Steven Categories/levels of general intelligence Mithen, S. J. (1996). The prehistory of the mind: A search for the origins of art, religion and science. London: Phoenix.
Morin, Edgar Method of Complexity La Méthode (6 volumes). Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
Morowitz, Harold Emergence Morowitz, H. J. (2002). How The World Became Complex, The Emergence of Everything.
Murray, Tom Post-metaphysical thinking Murray, T. (2019). Knowing and Unknowing Reality–A Beginner's and Expert's Developmental Guide to Post-Metaphysical Thinking. Integral Review, 15(1), 128-249.
Mylius, Johannes Daniel Balisca Philosophica Mylius, J. D. (1618). Opus Medico-Chymicum.
Needham, Joseph Categories/levels of phenomena Needham, J. (1937). Integrative levels: A revaluation of the idea of progress. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Neumann, Erich Collective consciousness (mythology) Neumann, E. (1975/1949). The origins and history of consciousness. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Neurath, Otto Physicalism as unification of the sciences Neurath, O. (1983). Physicalism. In Philosophical Papers 1913–1946 (pp. 52-57). Springer, Dordrecht.
Newton, Isaac Principles of natural philosophy Newton, I. (1999). The Principia: mathematical principles of natural philosophy. Univ of California Press.
Nicolescu, Basarab Transdisciplinarity Nicolescu, B. (2002). Manifesto of transdisciplinarity. Suny Press.
Nolan, Patrick &
Lenski, Gerhard		 Macrosociology Nolan, P., Lenski, G. (2015). Human societies: An introduction to macrosociology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Novikoff, Alex Categories/levels of biological matter Novikoff, A. B. (1945). The concept of integrative levels and biology. Science 101 (2618): 209–15.
O'Fallon, Terry &
Murray, Tom		 Domain general stage theory O’Fallon, T. (2011). STAGES: Growing up is Waking up—Interpenetrating Quadrants, States and Structures.
Murray, T., & O'Fallon, T. (2020). A Summary of Research on and with the STAGES Developmental Model. Integral Review, 15(2), 1-31.
Oppenheim Paul
Putnam, Hilary		 Unifying science across levels of reality Oppenheimer, P., Hilary P. (1958). Unity of science as a working hypothesis. In Concepts, theories, and the mind-body problem (Feigl, H, Scriven, M., Maxwell, G., Eds). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 3–36.
Overton, Willis Categories/levels of discourse Lerner, R. M., & Overton, W. F. (Eds.). (2010). The Handbook of Life-Span Development, Volume 1: Cognition, Biology, and Methods (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons.
Panov, Alexander Singularity Panov A. D. (2017). Singularity of evolution and post-singular development. From big bang to galactic civilizations. A big history anthology. Volume III. The ways that big history works: Cosmos, life, society and our future. (Rodrigue, B., Grinin, L., Korotayev, A., Eds.). Delhi: Primus Books. P. 370–402.
Peirce, Charlse Sanders Semiotics Peirce, C. S. (1991). Peirce on signs: Writings on semiotic. UNC Press Books.
Penrose, Roger Cyclical conformal cosmology Penrose, R. (2006, June). Before the big bang: an outrageous new perspective and its implications for particle physics. In Proceedings of EPAC (pp. 2759-2763).
Peterson, Nikolaj Triadic idealism Petersen, N. (2022, October 8). Triadic idealism: A model for the fundamental nature of reality [advanced] | Cosmopsychism | #PACE1. YouTube. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zMjn_f_1Oo
Pettersson, Max Categories/levels of phenomena Pettersson, M. (1996). Complexity and evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Philon, Herennius Likely the first true thesaurus Herennius, P. (1st Century). On synonyms.
Piaget, Jean Genetic epistemology, developmental psychology, cognitive structures Piaget, J. (1926). The language and thought of the child. Routledge.
Piaget, J. (1970). The principles of genetic epistemology (Vol. 7). Psychology Press.
Piaget, J. (1977). The development of thought: Equilibration of cognitive structures. (Rosin, A., trans.). Viking.
Plato Eternally real forms Hackforth, R. (Ed.). (1972). Plato's Phaedo. Cambridge University Press.
Popper, Karl Three worlds of natural science, mental states and processes, and products thereof Popper, Karl R. (1980). Three Worlds. In The Tanner lectures on human values (McMurrin, S., ed.). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, pp. 141–167.
Poundstone, William Recursive universe Poundstone, W. (2013). The recursive universe: cosmic complexity and the limits of scientific knowledge. Courier Corporation.
Reiser, Oliver Unified symbolism Reiser, O.L. (1955). Unified symbolism for world understanding in science.
Rescher, Nicholas Properties of theories of everything Rescher, N. (2000). The price of an ultimate theory. Philosophia naturalis, 37(1), 1-20.
Reynolds, Eric Transdisciplinary organizations Reynolds, E. M. (2019). Next-Stage Organizations: A Transdisciplinary Case Study (Doctoral dissertation, Saybrook University).
Richardson, Ernest Classification of things in reality Richardson, Ernest C. 1901. Classification: Theoretical and Practical. New York: Scribner.
Richmond, Phyllis Mentefacts (scopes of observation) Richmond, Phyllis A. 1965. Contribution toward a new generalized theory of classification. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Study Conference on Classification Research (Atherton, P., ed.). Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 39–54.
Roget, Peter Mark Thesaurus revival Roget, P. M. (1911). Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases. TY Crowell Company.
Rolston, Holms Matter-Energy, Life, Mind Rolston III, H. (2010). Three big bangs: Matter-energy, life, mind. Columbia University Press.
Ross, Sara Fractal transition dynamics Ross, S. N. (2008). Fractal transition steps to fractal stages: The dynamics of evolution, II. World Futures, 64(5-7), 361-374.
Ross, S. N. (2014). Fractal model of nonlinear hierarchical complexity: Measuring transition dynamics as fractals of themselves. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19(3), 28.
Rovelli, Carlo Relational quantum mechanics, loop quantum gravity Rovelli, C. (1996). Relational quantum mechanics. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 35(8), 1637-1678.
Rovelli, Carlo (August 2008). Loop quantum gravity. Living Reviews in Relativity. 11 (1).
Rowe, Stan Levels of integration and ecology Rowe, J. Stan. 1961. The level-of-integration concept and ecology. Ecology 42 (2): 420–27.
Sahlins, Marshall &
Service, Elman		 Stages of social systems Sahlins, M. D., Service, E. R. (1988/1960). Evolution and Culture. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Salthe, Stanley Hierarchy theory for levels of reality Salthe, S. N. (1991). Two forms of hierarchy theory in western discourses. International Journal Of General System, 18(3), 251-264.
Salthe, S. N. (2009). A hierarchical framework for levels of reality: Understanding through representation. Axiomathes, 19(1), 87-99.
Schofield, James Phenomenological ontology Schofield, J. (2021). A Phenomenological Revision of EE Harris's Dialectical Holism. Springer International Publishing.
Schofield, J. (2022). Towards a Phenomenological Ontology: Synthetic A Priori Reasoning and the Cosmological Anthropic Principle. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 43(1), 1-24.
Sebeok, Thomas Global semiotics Sebeok, T. A. (2001b). Global semiotics. Indiana University Press.
Selman, Robert Categories/levels of interpersonal understanding Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding: Developmental and clinical analyses. Academy Press.
Shanahan, Murray Singularity Shanahan, M. (2015). The technological singularity. MIT press.
Shostak, Seth &
Gardner, James		 Biocosm Shostak, S. Gardner, J. (2003). Biocosm. Inner Ocean Publishing
Schelling, Friedrich Scales of organization Von Schelling, F. W. J. (1993/1800). System of transcendental idealism. University of Virginia Press.
Schluchter, Wolfgang Categories of ethics and law Schluchter, W. (1985). The rise of Western rationalism: Max Weber's developmental history. Univ of California Press.
Schneider, Michael Mathematical archetypes Schneider, M. S. (1994). A beginner's guide to constructing the universe: The mathematical archetypes of nature, art, and science. HarperPerennial.
Schumacher, Ernst Friedrich Levels of being Schumacher, E. F. (1995). A Guide for the Perplexed. Random House.
Short, Tim Simulation theory Short, T. (2015). Simulation Theory: A psychological and philosophical consideration. Psychology Press.
Singletary, Branden Metaforma Singletary, B. (n.d.). Metaforma [Nexumorphic]. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.nexumorphic.com/metaforma
Smith, Huston Selfhood and the great chain of being Smith, H. (1976). Forgotten truth. New York: Harper One.
Smolin, Lee Self-organizing universe Smolin, L. (1998). The life of the cosmos. Oxford University Press, USA.
Spencer, Herbert Categories of phenomena Spencer, H. (1915/1862). A system of synthetic philosophy, Vol. 1: First Principles. London: Williams & Norgate.
Spencer, H. (1873). A system of synthetic philosophy, Vol. 4: The Principles of Psychology, Vol. 1. New York: Appleton.
Spencer, H. (1883). A system of synthetic philosophy, Vol. 6: The Principles of Sociology. New York: Appleton.
Steward, Julian Stages of cultural development Steward, Julian H. 1972. Theory of cultural change: The methodology of multininear evolution. Urbana, Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Storm, Joseph Metamodernity Storm, J. A. J. (2021). Metamodernism: The future of theory. University of Chicago Press.
Talbot, Michael Holographic universe Talbot, M. (2021). The holographic universe: The revolutionary theory of reality. Dreamscape Media, LLC.
Tarski, Alfred Undefinability theorem, elementary axioms Tarski, A. (1936). The concept of truth in formalized languages.
Tarski, A. (1959). What is elementary geometry?. In Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, Vol. 27, pp. 16-29). Elsevier.
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre Teleology, omega point Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre (2008/1955). The Phenomenon of Man. Harper Perennial Modern Classics.
Theroux, Steven Big history Theroux, S. J. (2023). A Most Improbable Story: The Evolution of the Universe, Life, and Humankind.
Tomlinson, Helen Categories/levels of physical, chemical, artefacts, biological entities, humans, and mentefacts Tomlinson, Helen. (1969). Problems arising from first CRG papers. In Classification and information control: Papers representing the work of the classification research group during 1960-1968, edited by Classification Research Group. London: The Library Association, 73–80.
Tomlinson, Helen. (1969). Report on work for New General Classification Scheme. In Classification and information Control: Papers representing the work of the classification research group during 1960-1968, edited by Classification Research Group. London: The Library Association, 29–41.
Torbert, Bill Categories/levels of action logic Torbert, W. R. (2004). Action inquiry: The secret of timely and transforming leadership. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Turiel, Elliot Categories/levels of social-conventional concepts Turiel, E. (1983). The development of social knowledge: Morality and convention. Cambridge University Press.
Turing, Alan Universal calculability/computability Turing, A. (1937). Computability and λ-Definability. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 2(4).
Turing. A. (1937). On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 42(2).
Turing, A. (2012/1938). System of logic based on ordinals. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Unknown author Bhavacakra (wheel of life) as a map of the cycle of existence Tatelman, J. (Ed.). (2005). The Heavenly Exploits, Vol. 1. NYU Press.
Varga, Daniel Jumping continuity theory Varga, D. (2022, October 6). Jumping continuity theory - #PACE1. YouTube. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERR82MePb4g
Velaro, Valerio Recursive ontology Velardo, V. (2016). Recursive ontology: a systemic theory of reality. Axiomathes, 26(1), 89-114.
Vickery, Brian Categories/levels of science Vickery, B. C. (1958). Classification and indexing in science. London: Butterworth.
Vickery, B. C. (2005). The material mind. Brian Vickery at home, 2005-2009.
Vikoulov, Alex &
Tuynman, Antonin		 Simulation theory, singularity Vikoulov, A. M., Tuynman, A. (2019). The ouroboros code: Reality's digital alchemy self-simulation bridging science and spirituality. Ecstadelic Media Group.
Vygotsky, Lev Concept formation Vygotsky, L. S. (1986/1934). Thought and language. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Wallis, John Mathis Univeralis (a universal mathematical science) Wallis, J. (1657). Operum mathematicorum pars prima.
Weinstein, Eric Geometric Unity Weinstein, E. (2021). Geometric unity: Author’s working draft, v 1.0. (Unpublished manuscript)
Wheeler, William Categories/levels of phenomena Wheeler, W. M. (1928). Emergent evolution and the development of societies. New York: Norton.
Whitehead, Alfred North Universal algebra, process theory Whitehead, A. N. (1898). A treatise on universal algebra: with applications, Vol. 1. The University Press.
Whitehead, A. N. (1925). Science and the modern world. Macmillan.
Whitehead, A. N. (2010). Process and reality. Simon and Schuster.
Wiener, Norbert Circular/recursive feedback systems Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine. Technology Press.
Wilber, Ken Integral theory: Great chain of being, AQAL (All quadrants, all levels), fulcrums, holons Wilber, K., Engler, J., & Brown, D. (1986). Transformations of consciousness: Conventional and contemplative perspectives on development. Boston: Shambhala.
Wilber, K. (1993). The great chain of being. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 33(3), 52-65.
Wilber, K. (2000). Integral psychology: Consciousness, spirit, psychology, therapy. Shambhala Publications.
Wilber, K. (2000). Sex, Ecology, Spirituality: The Spirit of Evolution, 2nd ed. Boston: Shambhala.
Wilber, K. (2001). A theory of everything: An integral vision for business, politics, science and spirituality. Shambhala publications.
Wilber, K. (2007). Integral spirituality: A startling new role for religion in the modern and postmodern world. Shambhala Publications.
Wilson, Edward Unification of knowledge Wilson, E. O. (1999). Consilience: The unity of knowledge. Vintage; Reprint edition
Witten, Edward M-theory Witten, Edward (1989). Quantum field theory and the Jones polynomial. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 121 (3): 351–399.
Witten, E. (1995). String theory dynamics in various dimensions. Nuclear Physics B, 443(1-2), 85-126.
Witten, E. (2009). Geometric Langlands from six dimensions. arXiv preprint arXiv:0905.2720.
Witten, E. (2011). Fivebranes and knots. Quantum Topology, 3(1), 1-137.
Wolfram, Stephen Computational universe Wolfram, S. (2002). A new kind of science. Wolfram Media.
Wright, Fionn Universification Wright, F. (2022). Universifying: A theory, model & practice to birth our emerging world through the meta-crisis. (Master’s thesis, Antioch University).
Yao, Yiyu Categories/levels of information processing Yao, Y. (2009). Integrative levels of granularity. In Human-centric information processing through granular modeling (pp. 31-47). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Young, Gerald Stages and transitions Young, G. (2011). Development and casualty. Springer.
Zermelo, Ernst Set theory Zermelo, E. (1908), Investigations on the foundations of set theory I. Mathematical Annals, 65(2): 261-281

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